There are few places in Asia where such a wide variety of wildlife can be found in such abundance. This is a superb opportunity to combine sightseeing to some of the must-see sights of north India, such as Old Delhi, the Taj Mahal and Khajuraho’s erotic temples, with an in-depth exploration of central India’s premier national parks. There are 11 included safari outings to search for the unique wildlife imaginatively captured by authors such as Jim Corbett and Rudyard Kipling and you'll also have the chance to opt to do up to two more! Each park has differing ecosystems and topography and it is this variety that enables species such as monkey, leopard, deer, elephant, antelope, bear, squirrel, crocodile and countless species of birds to thrive. Of course, it is the mighty Bengal tiger that symbolises India’s wildlife heritage. Whilst it is impossible to guarantee a sighting, given the time devoted to wildlife viewing in parks famous for their tiger populations, the chances are high.

Day-by-day itinerary

Day 1: Fly to Delhi Depart on overnight flight to Delhi.
Day 2: Arrive Delhi You transfer to your first night’s accommodation and check in. In the afternoon you will have the option to take a tuk tuk (additional charge) to a nearby restaurant and market street. After lunch you can then explore the market and try your hand at haggling. Hotel – 1 night
Day 3: Ranthambore National Park Setting off this morning you take the train south to the town of Sawai Madhopur, close to Ranthambore National Park (5hrs). Travelling through the state of Rajasthan you quickly become aware that this is one of India’s most colourful regions: most notable are the elegant women carrying terracotta pots of water from the village well, dressed in saris in a myriad of colours, their bangles tinkling as they walk. They and their families are the proud descendants of the heroic Rajputs who once ruled the state. When you arrive at Ranthambore there may be time for an optional afternoon game drive (additional charge). Hotel - 2 nights (BLD)
Day 4: Ranthambore National Park Ranthambore National Park, covering 411 square kilometres of beautiful bush, is one of the premier national parks of India. A wonderful blend of historical ruins and wildlife, you will make two game drives during your stay here, with hopes of getting a sighting of the majestic Bengal tigers that survive among the ruined forts and temples.But it's not just the tigers to look out for, there are plenty of deer herds, both spotted and sambar that are often close to the tracks. Where the deer are, often the characterful langur monkeys are also close by. This is the only park of the three where you will be able to see crocodiles, and snakes sometimes make an appearance as well, so there’s plenty to watch out for! After the morning game drive you will have the option of going up to visit the Fort that overlooks the park. From the top you will be able to look out across the lake - take your binoculars with you and you might be able to spot crocodiles basking around the edge! There are lots of little nooks and crannies in the old buildings to explore and you can learn about the history of the people who built it. (BLD)
Day 5: Visit Fatehpur Sikri - Agra Take the morning train to Bharatpur. Here you may have the option of visiting the bird park (additional charge) if the rains have been good during the year. You'll head out on rickshaws to spot owls, storks and herons amongst others, before continuing by road to Fatehpur Sikri. Along this road are the remains of the kos minars. These wayside markers, which survive only as crumbled towers, point the way to the great city of Fatehpur Sikri. The city is built of rich red sandstone and was temporarily Akbar the Great’s capital. Akbar built this ‘City of Victory’ as a tribute to a sage who correctly foretold the birth of his three sons. Just 15 short years after building the new capital and removing his court, Akbar was forced to abandon it because the water supply deteriorated. Today its rose-coloured walls provide the visitor with an unforgettable impression of the majesty of a 16th century royal court. You continue to the city of Agra, which straddles the holy Yamuna River and remains one of South Asia’s greatest Moghul cities. Hotel - 2 nights (B)
Day 6: Agra & The Taj Mahal Alternating with Delhi as the capital of the Moghul Empire, Agra’s past is inextricably linked with the most famous of India’s rulers, Shah Jahan, and is renowned for the most stunning mausoleum in the world - the Taj Mahal. No matter how many times you’ve seen it, watching the reflections of light gradually wash over the Taj continues to have a fresh impact. If the weather is good you will visit the Taj Mahal in time for the sunrise, and watch the masterpiece which shelters the tombs of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal take on a warm glow. Many people believe it to be the most perfectly proportioned building ever created. At first glance in daylight, it appears to be simply white marble, but closer inspection reveals that the surface is inlaid with a profusion of semi-precious stones, which form stylised flowers and bowers. Words fail to do it justice; only a visit can show you its exquisite beauty.After exploring the Taj Mahal you head over to the other side of the river to wander through the pavilions, gardens and passages of Agra Fort, a wonderful reminder of the skill of the artisans of the Moghul Empire. (B)
Day 7: Khajuraho’s Erotic Temples Moving on, you take to the train again and head deeper into central India. Travelling on an Indian train is an experience in itself. Almost everything you need is carried on the trains; hawkers will ply their trades selling chai (tea), snacks, books and many other things; and local people will be happy to ask you many questions about your lifestyle. On reaching Jhansi you drive for around four hours through India's ‘Middle Land’, the literal meaning of ‘Madhya Pradesh’, the state you now pass through. Almost a third of India's forests are located here amongst the hills - consisting of teak, sal, hardwickia, Indian ebony and rosewood. You can expect to arrive in Khajuraho by mid afternoon/early evening (depending upon train schedules).It was in these forests that Khajuraho’s erotic temples were rediscovered in the 19th century - forests which no doubt saved them from destruction, hidden as they were for hundreds of years. To the Victorians of the 1830s, the erotic sculptures, which feature amongst the other carvings of daily life decorating these beautiful temples, were both shocking and fascinating. The external walls of the 22 temples, which have survived the ravages of time, are covered with an unrivalled number of exquisite carvings. The 10th century Chandela artisans were masters of their craft, creating cool interiors to provide a welcome retreat from the hot tropical sun.This evening you’ll take a tour of the magnificent “western” group of temples. The incredible skill of the artisans cannot be emphasised enough, with friezes as little as 10 cm wide, crammed with the most amazing naturalistic detail, such as ornaments, hairstyles, jewellery and clothing. Hotel – 1 night (B)
Day 8: Khajuraho To Bandhavgarh This morning you leave Khajuraho and make the road journey south to Umaria, close to Bandhavgarh National Park. This is a long drive (five to six hours) but there’s much to see along the way, including farmland under cultivation and many sal and teak forests. As you leave the high plateaux the countryside gradually changes once again. On your approach to the buffer zone to the national park you may see some of its inhabitants - chital, nilgai and jackal. Upon arrival at the lodge you will have the opportunity to go on an optional afternoon game drive (additional charge).Lodge - 3 nights (BD)
Day 9-10: Bandhavgarh National Park Bandhavgarh became the hunting ground for the Rewa kings and, in 1968, the present maharaja donated the area to the state as parkland. The core zone of the park is home to a wide variety of animal and birdlife. The flat grassy maidans provide good feeding ground for the chital who co-exist quite happily with fellow ruminants such as the nilgai and sambar. The langur monkey is often found nearby. Amongst the other animals that can be seen are muntjac, chinkara, barking deer, wild pigs, and porcupine. Wild dogs have recently increased in population, and hyena, foxes and jackals appear occasionally in the open countryside. It is primarily the tiger that you are hoping to find, and with its high population density, Bandhavgarh has a remarkable success rate for sightings. Along with this most regal of cats, leopard, jungle and wild cat are occasionally sighted. You have plenty of time to search out and photograph these animals during your stay as you have two full days to spend in and around the park. Rising very early in the morning you set out by 4WD on the first of four game drives. Hoping to spot the larger cats, you’ll track their pugmarks and listen carefully for any alarm calls. Even if you are unlucky this time, after ‘resting like the animals’ during the heat of the day, you take to the vehicles and go tracking again.Both inside and outside the park, there is an abundance of birdlife. The fruit and flowering trees attract a large variety such as the green pigeon, crested serpent eagle, hornbills, drongoes, fly- catchers, barbets, bee-eaters and parakeets, to name but a few. During your stay there may be an opportunity to take a ride by elephant (optional, additional charge) to view game.Within the park there are also some interesting cave shrines with Brahmin inscriptions from the 1st century BC. A hilltop fort dominates the park and is said to date back to the time of the Ramayana. The small village of Tala just outside the park has changed little for centuries. You can walk around or enjoy a cup of chai (tea) with the locals. You may also have the opportunity to visit the local school and meet the children. Hotel - 2 nights (Bx2,Lx2,Dx2)
Day 11-13: Kanha National Park Leaving Bandhavgarh you make the long drive of around five to six hours south to Kanha National Park. Lying in the Maikal hills and covering 1,945 sq. km over a variety of terrain, Kanha is vast. Once given over to hunting, since the mid-1950s the park has been a haven for wildlife. Best known as the inspiration behind Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book, Kanha is home to hundreds of different species (22 species of mammals and 230 species of birds) and with five game drives here, your chances of seeing many of them are excellent. On your viewing list are nilgai, jackal, porcupine, hyena, Indian gaur, swamp deer and the Indian pangolin. Birdlife include warblers, ibis, peafowl, drongo, flycatcher, rollers, kingfishers and the grey hornbill. There are deciduous forests, grassland and savannah, stands of bamboo and meandering rivers making Kanha one of India’s most beautiful parks. Lodge – 3 nights (Bx3 Lx2 Dx3)
Day 14: Kanha; Train To Delhi You set out early this morning on your last game drive. You then drive to Jabalpur, five or so hours away, from where you catch the overnight train back to Delhi. Berth on overnight train (B)
Day 15: Delhi The present metropolis of Delhi is at least the eighth city to have been founded on this site; its predecessors have been largely razed to the ground. When you arrive at the station a coach will take you to your hotel and you will have time to freshen up and catch up on some sleep before heading out on a half-day tour of Old and New Delhi. Old Delhi is bustling and vibrant - a network of narrow streets and alleys teeming with people. Mosques and temples are squeezed into spaces between shops and market stalls. You’ll visit the Jami Masjid, Delhi’s largest mosque, which is not only a centre of religious worship, but also a lively meeting place for the city’s Muslims. A fascinating contrast awaits as you head into New Delhi. Its wide boulevards and imposing buildings conjure up images of the British Empire at its zenith. After a busy day you’ll meet up in the evening for a ‘last supper’ together. You can recount your journey and swap stories about a great trip. Hotel - 1 night (B)
Day 16: Depart Delhi The trip ends for Land Only clients. For those with onward flights, transfer to Delhi Airport and fly home. (B)

Small group adventure holiday
Typically you will be sharing your experiences with between 4-20 like minded travellers (depending on the trip, operator and how many others are booked on the trip) and you'll have a group leader with you. Whether you are travelling alone or with friends its good value, and a great way to meet new people! While itineraries are pre-planned there is some flexibility and you'll have plenty of privacy. This trip will appeal to travellers of all ages who enjoy meeting new people as well as seeing new places.

How India culture & wildlife holiday makes a difference

On this trip: Our groups will be led throughout by a professional local Group Leader giving our travellers a real, genuine insight into local tradition, history and culture. All aspects of the itinerary are designed and arranged by a locally based agent in conjunction with our UK office. Groups stay in locally owned hotels and support the economy of the areas we are travelling through by dining in small, independent restaurants and buying supplies from local traders. All of this means that more of the money generated by this trip stays within the country and more specifically, the areas visited. The entrance fees paid to visit the National Parks contributes towards conservation of these fantastic wildlife habitats.

We have also developed a programme of school visits with our local agent in India. These schools are government funded but benefit greatly from additional support. Groups will have the opportunity to visit a school during the stay in Kanha.

Our Responsible Travel Code: Clients who travel with us will automatically receive a copy of our Responsible Travel leaflet. This contains details and advice on how you can make a positive difference when you travel. If you would like a copy in advance of travel please contact us.

Charity Partnerships: We work in partnership with Plan International. Plan works with some of the world’s poorest communities where three out of four children die before the age of five. We also support Friends of Conservation – an international charity committed to working with local people to develop a balance between their needs and the wildlife with which they share the natural habitat and ecosystems. Other charities that we work closely with include Born Free Foundation and The Travel Foundation, a UK charity that has been established to promote responsible travel practices throughout the whole of the travel industry.

Carbon Balancing: Global warming is a real issue and is a direct result of your travel. We have teamed up with Climate Care to give you the opportunity to offset the carbon emissions from your flight. You’ll be asked upon booking if you want to donate – with set amounts from £5. As a company we offset the carbon emissions from all staff travel in full.

Our Foundation: We’ve highlighted a few of the ways in which we offer our support, financially or otherwise, and now you can, too. We have set up our own foundation, which will administer funds donated by you. A small donation of £1 per person will be taken when booking a holiday and that money will be put to good use by one of our carefully selected projects. If you don’t want to make the donation, just tell us when you book.

India culture & wildlife holiday

Make enquiry

 
Wildlife in India
Bharat Online : Comprehensive guide for tourists covering every aspect related to India .
Corbett Hotels
: Information on Corbett hotels and resorts.
Asian Adventures
: natural wildlife and with more adventure.
Nirwana Adventures:
Holidays to suit your needs. Nature trip, action packed adventure, outdoor living family holiday
Corbett Hideaway : wildlife safaris.
Indian Wildlife Club : feel the beauty of wildlife
Jungle Lodges & Resorts Ltd. : wildlife resorts, sanctuaries, camps.
Wildlife Chronicle : site on Indian wildlife sanctuaries.
Wildlife : a website with links related to wild life sanctuaries and parks

Indian wildlife
: Information on Wildlife in India.
Indian Birds
: Information, photographs of migratory & native birds.
Indian wildlife portal: Website on Wildlife in India.
Himalayan marmots: Find out about Whistle Pigs.
Wildlife Club: Know the great Indian wildlife.
Jungle Lodges.com
: Information on wildlife resorts, sanctuaries, camps etc.
Kaziranga National Park
: Famous for the one-horned rhino, this national park lies in Assam.
R
anthambor.com- A popular game reserve near Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan.
Thekkady.com: a cyber journey to this beautiful wildlife.
Wild Life map -This famous Indian map site has some interesting wild life maps.
Bengal Tigers of India-Wildlife tiger safaris in India.
Environment Education
- Materials for research, articles and publication on environment.Bombay Natural History Society: the oldest conservation organisation in India
Centre for Ecological Sciences
: a premier organisation for study of ecology & environment
Conservator of Forests (Wildlife), Nagpur
: on the wildlife of Tadoba & Pench Tiger Reserves
Wildlife Institute of India
: the premier wildlife research institute in India
Zoo Outreach Organisation (ZOO)
: an organisation for in-depth study of zoos & captive animals
Ministry of Environment & Forests: Govt. of India
http://www.wii.gov.in
: Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun

Environment / NGOs related links in India: http://envfor.nic.in/welcome.html
http://www.wii.gov.in/

http://www.ranwa.org

http://www.greentech.org
http://www.01webdirectory.com/safari.htm: Lists various Safari related websites for the benefit of general internet user community.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


India has over 441 animal sanctuaries, referred to as Wildlife sanctuaries (IUCN Category IV Protected Area). Among these, the 28 Tiger Reserves are governed by Project Tiger, and are of special significance in the conservation of the tiger. Some wildlife sanctuaries are specifically named Bird Sanctuary, e.g. Keoladeo National Park before attained National Park status. Many National Parks were initially Wildlife Sanctuaries.
Wildlife sanctuaries of national importance to conservation, usually due to some flagship faunal species, are named National Wildlife Sanctuary, like National Chambal (Gharial) Wildlife Sanctuary for conserving the Gharial (1978)
YearNameStateArea (km²)
1997Hoollongapar Gibbon SanctuaryAssam2098.62
1979Great Indian BustardMaharashtra8496.44
1986Kutch DesertGujarat7506.22
1973Wild AssGujarat4953.7
1972NelapattuAndhra Pradesh4040
1991Dibang ValleyArunachal Pradesh4149
1987ChangthangJammu & Kashmir4000
1978Nagarjunasagar SrisailamAndhra Pradesh3568
NDKarakoramJammu & Kashmir1800
2008SathyamangalamTamil Nadu1411.6
1978KaimurBihar1342.22
NDGundlabrahmeswaramAndhra Pradesh1194
1965GirGujarat1153.42
1975NoradehiMadhya Pradesh1034.52
1972Kedarnath Wild Life SanctuaryUttar Pradesh975.24
1965KawalAndhra Pradesh893
1952PakhalAndhra Pradesh879.3
1977PakhuiArunachal Pradesh861.95
1979SimlipalOrissa845.7
NDDandeliKarnataka834.16
1953EturnagaramAndhra Pradesh803
1987LachiporaJammu & Kashmir800
1976Satkosia GorgeOrissa795.52
1989KamlangArunachal Pradesh783
1976PalamauJharkhand767
1981Narayan Sarovar (Chinkara)Gujarat765.79
1976RatapaniMadhya Pradesh688.79
1976BhimbandhBihar681.9
1983KeladeviRajasthan676
1955Sariska National ParkRajasthan866
1963KolleruAndhra Pradesh673
1977KinnerasaniAndhra Pradesh655.41
1962Sechu Tuan NalaHimachal Pradesh655.32
1979National ChambalUttar Pradesh635
NDRollapaduAndhra Pradesh614
1978Tamor PinglaMadhya Pradesh608.52
1982SchoolpaneshwarGujarat607.7
1988SunabemaOrissa600
1986AskotUttarakhand599.93
1985MelghatMaharashtra597.23
1978PapikondaAndhra Pradesh590.68
1971KumbhalgarhRajasthan578.26
NDMundanthuraiTamil Nadu567.38
1974SitanadiMadhya Pradesh553.36
1975Vikash Kumar PanditMadhya Pradesh551.55
1989Balaram-AmbajiGujarat542.08
1987Biligiri Rangswamy TempleKarnataka539.52
1977BoriMadhya Pradesh518.25
1981GhatigaonMadhya Pradesh512
1983PhulwariRajasthan511.41
1987CauveryKarnataka510.51
1986AndhariMaharashtra509.27
NDSrivenkateshwaraAndhra Pradesh506.94
1982KaimoorUttar Pradesh500.75
1985DampaMizoram500
1976PulicatAndhra Pradesh500
1983Todgarh RawaliRajasthan495.27
1974Bhadra Wildlife SanctuaryKarnataka492.46
NDSrivilliputhurTamil Nadu485.2
1954Govind Pashu ViharUttar Pradesh481.04
1978BagdograMadhya Pradesh478.9
1950Periyar Tiger Reserve National ParkKerala472
NDSrilanka MalleswaraAndhra Pradesh464.42
1977PachmarhiMadhya Pradesh461.85
1978ValmikinagarBihar461.6
NDPulicatTamil Nadu461.02
1987SohagabarwaUttar Pradesh428.2
1987Overa-AruJammu & Kashmir425
1985KoynaMaharashtra423.55
1979Sita MataRajasthan422.94
1962TundahHimachal Pradesh419.48
1974Sharavathi ValleyKarnataka413.23
1976KateraniaghatUttar Pradesh400.09
1981KotgarhOrissa399.05
1974ShettihallyKarnataka395.6
1928ManasAssam391
1988GumtiTripura389.54
1958RadhanagiriMaharashtra371.88
1974Gandhi SagarMadhya Pradesh368.62
1975Sanjay (Dubri)Madhya Pradesh364.69
1976SinghalilaWest Bengal362.4
1986Kalsubai HarishchandraMaharashtra361.71
NDKaundinyaAndhra Pradesh357
1982Rupi BhabhaHimachal Pradesh354.14
1983Sardarpur FloricanMadhya Pradesh348.12
1985DebrigarhOrissa346.91
NDKuno - PalpurMadhya Pradesh345
1981Palpur - Kuno Wildlife SanctuaryMadhya Pradesh344.68
1973WaynadKerala344.44
1986JaikwadiMaharashtra341.05
1978SamarsotMadhya Pradesh340.35
1962KugtiHimachal Pradesh330
1986PaingangaMaharashtra324.62
1983Pong Dam SanctuaryHimachal Pradesh322.7
NDMudumalaiTamil Nadu321.55
1978National ChambalMadhya Pradesh320
1985ChandoliMaharashtra308.97
1982Ramgarh BundiRajasthan307
1988BadramaOrissa304.03
1987SonanandiUttar Pradesh301.18
1982Jamwa RamgarhRajasthan300
1980Marine (Gulf of Kutch)Gujarat293.03
1960MountabuRajasthan288.84
1976Singhori (Sindhari)Madhya Pradesh287.91
1973ParambikulamKerala285
1980MehaoArunachal Pradesh281.5
1983National ChambalRajasthan280
1972GomardahMadhya Pradesh277.82
1984KuldihaOrissa272.75
1955DarahRajasthan265.83
1983Pamed Wild BuffaloMadhya Pradesh262
1986Gautala AutramghatMaharashtra260.61
1976Gautam BuddhaBihar259.48
1986Buxa Tiger ReserveWest Bengal251.89
1988KanjiJammu & Kashmir250
1983Udanti Wild BuffaloMadhya Pradesh247.59
1974MukambikaKarnataka247
1983PanpathaMadhya Pradesh245.84
1976BarnawapraMadhya Pradesh244.66
1962NarguHimachal Pradesh243.13
1962BandliHimachal Pradesh239.47
1978CoringaAndhra Pradesh235.79
1977RanipurUttar Pradesh230.31
1983BhensrodgarhRajasthan229.14
1972KishanpurUttar Pradesh227.12
NDKalakkaduTamil Nadu223.58
1989EaglenestArunachal Pradesh217
1990JaldaparaWest Bengal216.51
1987Spike IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands211.7
1978LawalangBihar211.03
1985Nakti DamBihar206.4
1986KabarBihar204
1981KareraMadhya Pradesh202.21
1975IntankiNagaland202.02
NDKrishnaAndhra Pradesh194.81
1976DalmaJharkhand193.22
1985BarethaRajasthan192.76
1979BardaGujarat192.31
1978HadgarhOrissa191.06
1978D'ering MemorialArunachal Pradesh190
1975AboharPunjab188.24
1976HazaribaghJharkhand186.25
1987GulmargJammu & Kashmir186
1985Lakhari ValleyOrissa185.87
1989Yagoupokpi LokchaoManipur184.8
1974BramhagiriKarnataka181.29
1978JessoreGujarat180.66
1985KodermaJharkhand177.95
1969YawalMaharashtra177.52
1982Chandaka DamparaOrissa175.79
1934Sonai RupaiAssam175
1987TrishnaTripura170.56
1981BaisipalliOrissa168.35
1990PurnaGujarat160.84
1970NagziraMaharashtra152.81
1991NgengpuiMizoram150
1967Bhagwan MahavirGoa148.52
1992KarlapatOrissa147.66
1978ItanagarArunachal Pradesh140.3
1983BhairamgarhMadhya Pradesh138.95
1985NameriAssam137.07
1980PranahitaAndhra Pradesh136.02
1986ChapralaMaharashtra134.78
1985Interview IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands133
1985BhimashankarMaharashtra130.78
1990JambughodaGujarat130.38
1952PocharamAndhra Pradesh130
1958NeyyarKerala128
1976Murti WildlifeWest Bengal127.22
1958Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife SanctuaryKerala125
1955KheoniMadhya Pradesh134.778
1969Nal SarovarGujarat120.82
1962Gobind Sagar & Naina DeviHimachal Pradesh120.67
1974RanebennurKarnataka119
1982KhalasuniOrissa116
1987ChautalaHaryana113.96
1983FensatalliteMadhya Pradesh110.24
1976ChailHimachal Pradesh110.04
1987HirporaJammu & Kashmir110
NDSundha MataRajasthan107
1949Gamgul SiahbehiHimachal Pradesh105.46
1987Talakaveri Wildlife SanctuaryKarnataka105
1984Chimmony Wildlife sanctuaryKerala105
1968Bhagwan MahavirGoa105
1975BadankhohMadhya Pradesh104.35
1984Sawai MansinghRajasthan103.25
1987Pushpagiri Wildlife SanctuaryKarnataka102.59
1984ShendurunyKerala100.32
1986Nandpur MadmeshwarMaharashtra100.12
1989Sessa OrchidArunachal Pradesh100
1980Jawahar SagarRajasthan100
1983ShergarhRajasthan98.71
1962DarlaghatHimachal Pradesh98.71
1984ChinnarKerala90.44
1974SomeswaraKarnataka88.4
1986Aner DamMaharashtra82.94
NDMukkurthiTamil Nadu78.46
1957Chandra PrabhaUttar Pradesh78
1976IdukkiKerala77
1988KatepurnaMaharashtra73.69
1985OrangAssam72.6
1984Balukhand KonarkOrissa71.72
1962Shikari DeviHimachal Pradesh71.19
1979LaokhowaAssam70.14
1975BhitarkanikaOrissa70
1986PhansadMaharashtra69.79
1976TirthanHimachal Pradesh68.25
1976MahuadaurBihar63.25
1954KanawarHimachal Pradesh61.57
1970BorMaharashtra61.1
1955Van ViharRajasthan59.93
1974NarsingarhMadhya Pradesh57.19
1985ChurdharHimachal Pradesh56.59
1982RatanmahalGujarat55.65
1991KaneArunachal Pradesh55
1984AralamKerala55
1983PepparaKerala53
1956JaisamandRajasthan52
1984Barsey Rhododendron SanctuarySikkim51.76
1984Fambong LhoSikkim51.76
1980NahargarhRajasthan50
1974Melkote TempleKarnataka49.82
1984ParasnathBihar49.23
NDPabhaAssam49
1988BinsarUttarakhand45.59
1981Ken GharialMadhya Pradesh45
1982Harike LakePunjab43
1981Sone GharialMadhya Pradesh41.8
1991KhawnglungMizoram41
1989Dipor BeelAssam40
1989PaniyaGujarat39.63
1981Surinsar-MansarJammu & Kashmir39.58
1976SenchalWest Bengal38.88
1987Pobitora Wildlife SanctuaryAssam38.83
1962Raksham ChitkulHimachal Pradesh38.27
1976Lothian IslandWest Bengal38
1962Naina DeviHimachal Pradesh37.19
1978SiwaramAndhra Pradesh36.29
1962TalraHimachal Pradesh36.16
1978RajgirBihar35.84
1987MeanamSikkim35.34
1981NandiniJammu & Kashmir33.72
1984Shingba RhododendronSikkim32.5
1987OveraJammu & Kashmir32.37
1962MajathalHimachal Pradesh31.64
1954Manali sanctuaryHimachal Pradesh31.27
1949Kalatop & KhajjiarHimachal Pradesh30.69
1970TansaMaharashtra30.41
1974NuguKarnataka30.32
1974GhataprabhaKarnataka29.78
1962Lippa AsrangHimachal Pradesh29.53
1987Landfall IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands29.48
1987Malvan MarineMaharashtra29.12
1981NongkhyllemMeghalaya29
1962DaranghatiHimachal Pradesh27.01
1980BarnadiAssam26.22
1987LimberJammu & Kashmir26
NDSukhnaChandigarh25.42
1983Thattekkad Bird SanctuaryKerala25
1983Crocodile (Lohabrrack)Andaman & Nicobar Islands22.21
1986HastinapurUttar Pradesh20.73
NDTongriJammu & Kashmir20
1978ManjiraAndhra Pradesh20
1987SepahijalaTripura18.53
1954KhokhanHimachal Pradesh17.6
NDPoint CalimereTamil Nadu17.26
1958SimbalbaraHimachal Pradesh17.2
1987Chilka Lake (Nalaban)Orissa15.53
1988RampuraGujarat15.01
1985ArabithittuKarnataka13.5
NDIndira PriyadarshiniDelhi13.2
1983Sailana FloricanMadhya Pradesh12.96
1981RamnagarJammu & Kashmir12.9
1954KaisHimachal Pradesh12.2
1975Bir ShikargarhHaryana10.93
1985SagershwarMaharashtra10.87
1987Defence IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands10.49
NDHokarsarJammu & Kashmir10
1987Cinque IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands9.51
1987Flat IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands9.36
1987Buchaan IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands9.33
1977Barren IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands8.1
1987Kyd IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands8
1972Bondla WildlifeGoa8
1987Shearme IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands7.85
1987Paget IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands7.36
1985Tilanchang IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands6.83
1977Narcondum IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands6.81
1987West IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands6.4
1987East IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands6.11
1976Halliday IslandWest Bengal5.95
1987Ranger IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands4.26
1987Swamp IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands4.09
1987East (Inglis) IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands3.55
1977North Reef IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands3.48
1987Benett IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands3.46
1987Talabaicha IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands3.21
1987Point IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands3.07
1987BaltalJammu & Kashmir3
1987Bondoville IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands2.55
1987Table (Delgarno) IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands2.29
1985Battimalve IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands2.23
1987James IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands2.1
1979Dr Salim Ali Bird SanctuaryGoa1.8
1987Reef IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands1.74
1987Table (Excelsior) IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands1.69
1977South Sentinel IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands1.61
1987Sandy IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands1.58
1987Roper IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands1.46
1987Pitman IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands1.37
1987South Brother IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands1.24
1987South Reef IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands1.17
1987Bluff IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands1.14
1987Sir Huge Rose IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands1.06
1987Temple IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands1.04
1987Ross IslandAndaman & Nicobar Islands1.01
NDRanganthittuKarnataka0.67
NDBir MotibaghPunjabND
NDBhagmaraMeghalayaND
NDTal ChapparRajasthanND
NDRenukaHimachal PradeshND
NDShilliHimachal PradeshND
NDBir BunnerheriPunjabND
NDBassiRajasthanND
NDNational GarhialRajasthanND
NDKhijadiyaGujaratND
NDBir GurdialpuraPunjabND
NDAsan Bradge Bird WatchingUttar PradeshND
NDChillaUttar PradeshND
NDMahavir SwamyUttar PradeshND
NDNawabganjUttar PradeshND
NDSamaspurUttar PradeshND
NDDhakna KolkazMaharashtraND
NDGandhariMaharashtraND
NDWaingangaMaharashtraND
NDDhumkhalGujaratND
NDUshakothiOrissaND
NDChandra PrabhaBiharND
NDTopchanchiBiharND
NDBibhutibhushanWest BengalND
NDBethudahariWest BengalND
NDBallabhpurWest BengalND
NDChapramariWest BengalND
NDGorumaraWest BengalND
NDJore PokhriWest BengalND
1959MahanandaWest Bengal159
NDParnadhanWest BengalND
NDRamnabaganWest BengalND
NDRaiganjWest BengalND
NDKyongasia AlpineSikkimND
NDGarampaniAssamND
NDSijuMeghalayaND
NDPulebatzeNagalandND
NDFakimNagalandND
NDCharilamTripuraND
NDLanjamaduguAndhra PradeshND
NDKarikiliTamil NaduND
NDVedantangalTamil NaduND
NDVettangudiTamil NaduND
NDVallanaduTamil Nadu16.41
NDKumarakomKeralaND
1989Okhla Bird SanctuaryDelhi/NOIDA4.00
1990Sandi Bird SanctuaryUttar Pradesh3.09
2010Malabar Wildlife SanctuaryKerala74.21[1]

[edit] References

  1. ^ http://www.malabarsanctuary.org/pages/locationAndExtent.aspx
  • United Nations List of National Parks and Protected Areas: India (2003)
  • Ministry of Forests and Environment Protected Areas website
Tours that attempts and usually succeeds in seeing Indian Tiger, the Leopard , the Indian Rhino, Guar, Wild Elephant, Blue Bull, Black buck, Chinkara gazelle, Barasingha, Sambhar, Wild dogs, Jackals, Crocodiles , many species of birds and a lot more because the Jungle is full of surprises...

India Gate, Delhi TravelsDay 01 Delhi
Arrive Delhi. Meeting/assistance at airport and transfer to hotel. Overnight at hotel.

Day 02 Delhi
Morning breakfast at hotel and leave for combined city tour of old and new Delhi visiting Mughal monuments like the Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Rajghat- the place where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated, Humayun Tomb and drive pass to British landmark such as India Gate, President House and Govt. Secretariat. Also visit 12th century Minaret- Qutab Minar graceful and well sculptured and stands 75 meters, Lotus Temple and Akshardham Temple. Overnight stay at hotel.

Day 03 Delhi/Jaipur

Morning breakfast at hotel and drive to Jaipur The picturesque capital of Rajasthan. Upon arrival check in at hotel. Rest of the day free. Evening optional visit to Rajmandir cinema hall famous for its beautiful interiors or "Chokhi Dhani" - A five star ethnic village Resort for dinner on direct payment basis. Overnight stay at the hotel.

Day 04 Jaipur
Morning breakfast at hotel and leave for excursion to Amber Fort. The fort is a superb example of Rajput architecture stunningly situated on a hilltop and over looking a lake which reflects its terraces and ramparts. A joyful and adventurous ride on a elephant back up to the ramparts in Maharaja style. Afternoon city tour to the Pink city (Jaipur) built in the 1727 A. D. To visit Hawa Mahal - Palace of winds, City Palace Complex which houses the rare and rich collection of ornaments, arms, royal costumes, carpets and decorative art objects of traditional Rajasthani and Mughal art and architecture. , Jantar Mantar- A 18th century observatory and Birla Mandir. Overnight stay at hotel.

Day 05 Jaipur/Sawai Madhopur (Ranthambore)
Morning after breakfast drive to Sawai Madhopur. Upon arrival check in at hotel. After lunch Jungle safari in the Ranthambore National park with naturalist. Overnight at hotel.

Tiger IndiaDay 06 Sawai Madhopur (Ranthambore)

AM. & PM. Games drives to the park by jeeps with naturalist. Overnight at hotel.

Day 07 Sawai Madhopur (Ranthambore)

AM. & PM. Games drives to the park by jeeps with naturalist. Overnight at hotel

Day 08 Sawai Madhopur/Bharatpur

Morning breakfast at hotel and drive to Bharatpur “The bird watchers Paradise’’. Upon arrival check in at hotel. After lunch visit keola deo National Park with naturalist by cycle rickshaw. Overnight at hotel.

Day 09 Bharatpur

Full day in park with naturalist on cycle rickshaw or on foot. Overnight at hotel.

Day 10 Bharatpur/Agra

Morning breakfast at hotel and drive to Agra. Enroute visit Fatehpur Sikri - The city of victory beautifully preserved. The sandstone mansions of Sikri are experiments in art and architecture and to a great extent uphold Akbar's ideals and visions. Thereafter continue your drive to Agra upon arrival check in at hotel. Rest of the day at leisure. Overnight stay at hotel.

Day 11 Agra/Umaria (train)

Morning breakfast at hotel and leave for city tour of Agra visiting the The rusty sand stone Agra Fort with its exquisitely rich palaces The first of the great Mughal buildings where three Mughal emperor left their foot prints and world famous Taj Mahal, one of the seven wonder of the world. A pristine monument of undying love. The magnificent and memorable monument of love. After lunch transfer to the railway Station to take train for Umaria at 1540 hrs. Overnight in train.

Elephants IndiaDay 12 Umaria/Bandhavgarh (35km./01hrs )
Arrive Umaria 0500hrs and drive to Bandhavgarh National Park. Upon arrival have Tea/Coffee and drive into the national Park for game viewing. Back to hotel for lunch. Pm. Game drive to the park by jeep with naturalist. Overnight at hotel.

Day 13 Bandhavgarh

AM. & PM. Game drives in the park with naturalist. Overnight at hotel.

Day 14 Bandhavgarh
AM. & PM. Game drives in the park with naturalist. Overnight at hotel

Day 15 Bandhavgarh/Kanha
After breakfast drive to Kanha National Park. Upon arrival check in at hotel. After lunch game drive in the park with naturalist by jeep. Overnight at hotel.

Day 16 Kanha

AM. & PM. Game drives in the park with naturalist. Overnight at hotel.

Day 17 Kanha

AM. & PM. Game drives in the park with naturalist. Overnight at hotel.

Day 18 Kanha/Jabalpur

AM. Game drive in the park with naturalist by jeep. Later drive to Jabalpur Railway station to take train to Delhi Maha koshal express at 1530 hrs. Overnight in the train

Day 19 Delhi

Arrive Delhi at 1030 hrs and transfer to hotel. Day is on leisure. Later in the evening after farewell dinner transfer to international airport to take flight to own destination.

Price: Rs. 39,000/- per person/night with standard hotel

Click here for Reservation/ more information  
Place to visit: Delhi - Jaipur - Ranthambore - Bharatpur - Agra - Bandhavgarh - Kanha - Jabalpur - Delhi
Duration: 19 Days

Tours that attempts and usually succeeds in seeing Indian Tiger, the Leopard , the Indian Rhino, Guar, Wild Elephant, Blue Bull, Black buck, Chinkara gazelle, Barasingha, Sambhar, Wild dogs, Jackals, Crocodiles , many species of birds and a lot more because the Jungle is full of surprises...

India Gate, Delhi TravelsDay 01 Delhi
Arrive Delhi. Meeting/assistance at airport and transfer to hotel. Overnight at hotel.

Day 02 Delhi
Morning breakfast at hotel and leave for combined city tour of old and new Delhi visiting Mughal monuments like the Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Rajghat- the place where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated, Humayun Tomb and drive pass to British landmark such as India Gate, President House and Govt. Secretariat. Also visit 12th century Minaret- Qutab Minar graceful and well sculptured and stands 75 meters, Lotus Temple and Akshardham Temple. Overnight stay at hotel.

Day 03 Delhi/Jaipur

Morning breakfast at hotel and drive to Jaipur The picturesque capital of Rajasthan. Upon arrival check in at hotel. Rest of the day free. Evening optional visit to Rajmandir cinema hall famous for its beautiful interiors or "Chokhi Dhani" - A five star ethnic village Resort for dinner on direct payment basis. Overnight stay at the hotel.

Day 04 Jaipur
Morning breakfast at hotel and leave for excursion to Amber Fort. The fort is a superb example of Rajput architecture stunningly situated on a hilltop and over looking a lake which reflects its terraces and ramparts. A joyful and adventurous ride on a elephant back up to the ramparts in Maharaja style. Afternoon city tour to the Pink city (Jaipur) built in the 1727 A. D. To visit Hawa Mahal - Palace of winds, City Palace Complex which houses the rare and rich collection of ornaments, arms, royal costumes, carpets and decorative art objects of traditional Rajasthani and Mughal art and architecture. , Jantar Mantar- A 18th century observatory and Birla Mandir. Overnight stay at hotel.

Day 05 Jaipur/Sawai Madhopur (Ranthambore)
Morning after breakfast drive to Sawai Madhopur. Upon arrival check in at hotel. After lunch Jungle safari in the Ranthambore National park with naturalist. Overnight at hotel.

Tiger IndiaDay 06 Sawai Madhopur (Ranthambore)

AM. & PM. Games drives to the park by jeeps with naturalist. Overnight at hotel.

Day 07 Sawai Madhopur (Ranthambore)

AM. & PM. Games drives to the park by jeeps with naturalist. Overnight at hotel

Day 08 Sawai Madhopur/Bharatpur

Morning breakfast at hotel and drive to Bharatpur “The bird watchers Paradise’’. Upon arrival check in at hotel. After lunch visit keola deo National Park with naturalist by cycle rickshaw. Overnight at hotel.

Day 09 Bharatpur

Full day in park with naturalist on cycle rickshaw or on foot. Overnight at hotel.

Day 10 Bharatpur/Agra

Morning breakfast at hotel and drive to Agra. Enroute visit Fatehpur Sikri - The city of victory beautifully preserved. The sandstone mansions of Sikri are experiments in art and architecture and to a great extent uphold Akbar's ideals and visions. Thereafter continue your drive to Agra upon arrival check in at hotel. Rest of the day at leisure. Overnight stay at hotel.

Day 11 Agra/Umaria (train)

Morning breakfast at hotel and leave for city tour of Agra visiting the The rusty sand stone Agra Fort with its exquisitely rich palaces The first of the great Mughal buildings where three Mughal emperor left their foot prints and world famous Taj Mahal, one of the seven wonder of the world. A pristine monument of undying love. The magnificent and memorable monument of love. After lunch transfer to the railway Station to take train for Umaria at 1540 hrs. Overnight in train.

Elephants IndiaDay 12 Umaria/Bandhavgarh (35km./01hrs )
Arrive Umaria 0500hrs and drive to Bandhavgarh National Park. Upon arrival have Tea/Coffee and drive into the national Park for game viewing. Back to hotel for lunch. Pm. Game drive to the park by jeep with naturalist. Overnight at hotel.

Day 13 Bandhavgarh

AM. & PM. Game drives in the park with naturalist. Overnight at hotel.

Day 14 Bandhavgarh
AM. & PM. Game drives in the park with naturalist. Overnight at hotel

Day 15 Bandhavgarh/Kanha
After breakfast drive to Kanha National Park. Upon arrival check in at hotel. After lunch game drive in the park with naturalist by jeep. Overnight at hotel.

Day 16 Kanha

AM. & PM. Game drives in the park with naturalist. Overnight at hotel.

Day 17 Kanha

AM. & PM. Game drives in the park with naturalist. Overnight at hotel.

Day 18 Kanha/Jabalpur

AM. Game drive in the park with naturalist by jeep. Later drive to Jabalpur Railway station to take train to Delhi Maha koshal express at 1530 hrs. Overnight in the train

Day 19 Delhi

Arrive Delhi at 1030 hrs and transfer to hotel. Day is on leisure. Later in the evening after farewell dinner transfer to international airport to take flight to own destination.

Price: Rs. 39,000/- per person/night with standard hotel

Click here for Reservation/ more information  
 
India Wildlife Holiday Tour
Duration : 28 Nights / 29 Days
Places Covered : Delhi - Hardwar - Rishikesh - Rishikesh -Jim Corbett National Park - Jim Corbett - Nanital - Almora - Delhi - Jabalpur - Kanha - Bandhavgarh - Khajuraho - Varanasi - Delhi.

Day 01: Arrive Delhi

Red Fort, Delhi TravelArrive Delhi by TG 315 at 2240 hours and transfer to hotel for overnight stay.

Day 02 : Delhi
Morning half day sight seen of Delhi. Afternoon free to explore the city. Overnight at hotel.

Day 03 : Delhi - Hardwar - Rishikesh
Morning drive to Rishkesh en route visitng Haridwar. Arrive Rishikesh by noon from where you will be further transferred to Jungle camp at Shivpuri./ Brahampuri. Evening free to explore the area or a small jungle walk around the camp. Evening campfire, dinner and Overnight at Camp.

Day 04 : Rishikesh
Early morning free for own activity. After breakfast we drive to marine drive. Arrive marine drive and enboat to raft down till the camp at Shivpuri. Today we hit Black Money, Cross fire and three blind mice rapids. Arrive Shivpuri. Take Lunch and then free for own activities. Evening campfire and dinner. Overnight at camp.

Day 05 : Rishikesh
Morning after breakfast we raft down to Rishikesh. Today we hit some of The most exciting rapids on Ganga i.e. Good Morning, Return to sender, Roller coaster, Golf course, club house, initiation, Double Trouble and Terminator. Lunch en route at Brahampuri. Overnight at Camps.

Day 06 : Rishikesh -Jim Corbett National Park
Tiger, Jim Corbett National ParkMorning drive to Jim corbett National Park.The Corbett National Park was established in 1936 as India's first National Park, and designated a PROJECT TIGER RESERVE in 1973. It comprises a total area of 520 sq kms and as a visitor your discovery will include species of 50 mammals, 580 birds,25 reptiles, 110 species of trees, 51 0f shrubs and 33 of bamboo and grass. Visit the Park on elephant back / Jeep Safari. Overnight at Jungle Resort.

Day 08: Jim Corbett National Park
Full day Jungle activities. Overnight at Jungle resort.

Day 08 : Jim Corbett National Park
Full day Jungle activity. Overnight at Jungle resort.

Day 09 : Jim Corbett National Park
Full day Jungle activity. Overnight at Jungle resort.

Day 10 : Jim Corbett - Nanital
Morning drive to Nainital, a beautiful hill station in the lap of Central lower Himalaya. Arrive by noon and stay at hotel. Rest of the day free to explore the surrounding.

Day 11 : Nanital
Half day sight seen visitng the taals and orchards. Overnight at hotel.

Day 12 : Nanital - Almora
Boating in Naini Lake, Nainital Travels & ToursMorning drive to Almora, a picturesque hill station further North-east to Nainital. Arrive by early noon and stay at hotel. Rest of the day free to enjoy the surroundings. Overnight at hotel.

Day 13 : Almora
Morning half day sight seen visitng the hills, excursion to interesting places and the temples. Overnight at hotels.

Day 14 : Almora - Delhi
Morning check out from the hotel and then leave directly for Delhi. Arrive by Late noon /evening and stay at hotel for overnight stay.

Day 15 : Delhi - Jabalpur - By overnight train
Morning FREE. Afternoon in time transfer to railway station to board GONDWANA EXPRESS train for Jabalpur at 1430 hours. Overnight on board.

Day 16 : Jabalpur - Kanha National Park
This morning on arrival (at 0545 hours) our representative will meet you at the railway station and transfer to Kanha National Park (Tiger reserve). Afternoon free at leisure. Overnight at Jungle Lodge.

Day 17 : Kanha National Park
Tiger, Kanha National ParkFull day jungle activities seeing, spotted deer's, leopard, chital, jackals, Indian Tigers and many kind of birds. Overnight at Jungle Lodge.

Day 18 : Kanha National Park
Full day to explore the Jungle with all Activities. Overnight at Jungle Lodge.

Day 19 : Kanha - Bandhavgarh National Park
Today morning in time drive to another Wild Life sanctuary-the Bandhavgarh. On arrival check into the Jungle Lodge for overnight stay.

Day 20 : Bandhavgarh National Park
Full day for Jungle activities. Overnight at the Lodge.

Day 21 : Bandhavgarh National Park
Full day for Jungle activities. Overnight at the Lodge.

Day 22 : Bandhavgarh - Khajuraho
Morning drive to Khajuraho. On arrival transfer to hotel for wash n change. Later half day tour of Khajuraho temple (World heritage Site). Overnight at hotel.

Day 23 : Khajuraho
Morning city tour of Khajuraho, visiting eastern & Western Group of temples. Later in time transfer to airport to board flight for Varanasi. Overnight at hotel.

Day 24 : Khajuraho
Temple, Khajuraho TravelFull day free to explore the temple town on your own. Overnight at hotel.

Day 25 : Khajuraho - Varanasi
Morning city tour of Khajuraho, visiting eastern & Western Group of temples. Later in time transfer to airport to board flight (IC 7407 AT 1225 HRS). Arrive Varanasi at 1325 hours and transfer to hotel. Rest of the day free to explore the surrounding. Overnight at hotel.

Day 26 : Varanasi
This early morning sunrise boat cruise at holy river Ganges visiting Ghats and seeing people taking holy dip and worshiping, followed by city tour of varanasi, visiting Monkey temple, Kashi Viswanath temple, Bharat Mata mandir and the famous Hindu University. Overnight at hotel.

Day 27 : Varanasi
In the morning an excursion to buried Buddhist City at Sarnath. Overnight at hotel.

Day 28 : Varanasi
Ganga Ghat, Varanasi TourismThis early morning sunrise boat cruise at holy river Ganges visiting Ghats and seeing people taking holy dip and worshiping, followed by city tour of varanasi, visiting Monkey temple, Kashi Viswanath temple, Bharat Mata mandir and the famous Hindu University. In the afternoon an excursion to buried Buddhist City at Sarnath. Overnight at hotel.

Day 29 : Varanasi - Delhi - Onward Destination
Morning at leisure. Later in time transfer to airport to board flight for Delhi. Arrive Delhi and transfer to International Airport to board flight for onward destination.


A. Class--Mammalia.





B. Order--Carnivora.


The scientific order Carnivora includes cats, dogs, bears, raccoons, hyenas, otters, weasels, badgers, mongooses, and civets. All typical carnivores have well developed claws and a pair of specialized cheek teeth (carnassials) for slicing flesh.




C. Family--Felidae.


The cat family includes the small cats (genus Felis), the clouded leopard (genus Neofelis), the cheetah (genus Acinonyx), and the big cats (genus Panthera).




D. Genus, species--Panthera tigris.


1. There are five species in the genus Panthera: tigers (P. tigris), snow leopards (P. uncia), leopards (P. pardus), jaguars (P. onca), and lions (P. leo).
a. All Panthera cats have elastic sections on both sides of the hyoid bone, a structure which supports the tongue and its muscles.
(1) The elastic hyoid, combined with the fibroelastic tissue on top of the big cats' undivided vocal folds, acts like a slide trombone, enabling the big cats to roar. Only snow leopards, which lack the specialized vocal folds, are not able to roar.
(2) Because of the elastic hyoid, big cats can purr only when breathing out.
b. The hyoid of smaller cats is solid bone. These cats can purr when breathing both in and out, but they can't roar.

2. Tigers are divided into eight subspecies.
a. There are five living subspecies: Bengal tigers (P. t. tigris), Siberian or Amur tigers (P. t. altaica), Sumatran tigers (P. t. sumatrae), Indo-Chinese tigers (P. t. corbetti), and South China tigers (P. t. amoyensis).
b. Three subspecies are considered extinct: Caspian tigers (P. t. virgata), Javan tigers (P. t. sondaica), and Bali tigers (P. t. balica).
c. The subspecies can be distinguished by size, coloration, and distribution.



E. Ancestry.

1. Fossil evidence shows that catlike carnivores first appeared about 35 million years ago. These were the saber-tooth cats, which had long, daggerlike canine teeth. Saber-tooth cats became extinct less than a million years ago and belonged to a separate ancestral branch than modern cats.
2. Early modern cats appeared about 25 million years ago and had civet-like features.
3. Tigerlike cats appeared more than 2 million years ago. Tigers are believed to have originated in eastern Asia where some of the earliest fossils have been found. The eight subspecies developed over time as tigers spread to other regions.
Sharp eyesight and raw speed make the cheetah a formidable hunter.
Photograph by Chris Johns

The cheetah is the world's fastest land mammal. With acceleration that would leave most automobiles in the dust, a cheetah can go from 0 to 60 miles (96 kilometers) an hour in only three seconds. These big cats are quite nimble at high speed and can make quick and sudden turns in pursuit of prey.
Before unleashing their speed, cheetahs use exceptionally keen eyesight to scan their grassland environment for signs of prey—especially antelope and hares. This big cat is a daylight hunter that benefits from stealthy movement and a distinctive spotted coat that allows it to blend easily into high, dry grasses.
When the moment is right a cheetah will sprint after its quarry and attempt to knock it down. Such chases cost the hunter a tremendous amount of energy and are usually over in less than a minute. If successful, the cheetah will often drag its kill to a shady hiding place to protect it from opportunistic animals that sometimes steal a kill before the cheetah can eat. Cheetahs need only drink once every three to four days.
Female cheetahs typically have a litter of three cubs and live with them for one and a half to two years. Young cubs spend their first year learning from their mother and practicing hunting techniques with playful games. Male cheetahs live alone or in small groups, often with their littermates.
Most wild cheetahs are found in eastern and southwestern Africa. Perhaps only 7,000 to 10,000 of these big cats remain, and those are under pressure as the wide-open grasslands they favor are disappearing at the hands of human settlers.

Map

Map: Cheetah range
Cheetah Range

Fast Facts

Type:
Mammal
Diet:
Carnivore
Average life span in the wild:
10 to 12 years
Size:
3.5 to 4.5 ft (1.1 to 1.4 m); Tail, 25.5 to 31.5 in (65 to 80 cm)
Weight:
77 to 143 lbs (35 to 65 kg)
Protection status:
Vulnerable
Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man:
Source: http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/cheetah/


A mother Bengal tiger and her cub rest in the tall grass of a meadow. Tiger cubs remain with their mothers for two to three years before dispersing to find their own territory.
Photograph by Michael Nichols
 
Tigers are the largest members of the cat family and are renowned for their power and strength.
There were eight tiger subspecies at one time, but three became extinct during the 20th century. Over the last 100 years, hunting and forest destruction have reduced tiger populations from hundreds of thousands of animals to perhaps fewer than 2,500. Tigers are hunted as trophies, and also for body parts that are used in traditional Chinese medicine. All five remaining tiger subspecies are endangered, and many protection programs are in place.
Bengal tigers live in India and are sometimes called Indian tigers. They are the most common tiger and number about half of all wild tigers. Over many centuries they have become an important part of Indian tradition and lore.
Tigers live alone and aggressively scent-mark large territories to keep their rivals away. They are powerful nocturnal hunters that travel many miles to find buffalo, deer, wild pigs, and other large mammals. Tigers use their distinctive coats as camouflage (no two have exactly the same stripes). They lie in wait and creep close enough to attack their victims with a quick spring and a fatal pounce. A hungry tiger can eat as much as 60 pounds (27 kilograms) in one night, though they usually eat less.
Despite their fearsome reputation, most tigers avoid humans; however, a few do become dangerous maneaters. These animals are often sick and unable to hunt normally, or live in an area where their traditional prey has vanished.
Females give birth to litters of two to six cubs, which they raise with little or no help from the male. Cubs cannot hunt until they are 18 months old and remain with their mothers for two to three years, when they disperse to find their own territory.

Map

Map: Bengal tiger range
Bengal Tiger Range

Fast Facts
Type:
Mammal
Diet:
Carnivore
Average life span in the wild:
8 to 10 years
Size:
Head and body, 5 to 6 ft (1.5 to 1.8 m); tail, 2 to 3 ft (0.6 to 0.9 m)
Weight:
240 to 500 lbs (109 to 227 kg)
Protection status:
Endangered
Did you know?
A tiger's roar can be heard as far as 2 mi (3 km) away.
Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man


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